PIYUSH FORMULA AND TABLE FOR TWO DIGIT SQUARE ,IT IS NEW METHOD ,SEARCH BY PIYUSHDADRIWALA

PIYUSH FORMULA AND TABLE FOR TWO DIGIT SQUARE ,IT IS NEW METHOD ,SEARCH BY PIYUSHDADRIWALA
www.piyushdadriwalamaths.co.in
www.piyushmathsworld.in


0
100
400
900
1600
2500
3600
4900
6400
8100

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10






N2 2 = 0+(20n1 -19) n+ (2n-2) n



2

N2 2 = 100+(20n1 -19) n+ (2n-2) n



2



N2 2 = 400+(20n1 -19) n+ (2n-2) n



2



N2 2 = 900+(20n1 -19) n+ (2n-2) n



2





For Example



(1) 222 = 400 +(22 * 3 -19) 2+ (2*2-2)/2)2

= 400 +(60 -19)2 +((4-2)/2)2

=400 +(41*2)+(2/2)2

=400 +82 +2

=400+84

=484



(2) 112 = 100 +(20 * 2 -19) 1+ (2*1-2)/2)2

= 100 +40 -19 +0

=100 +21

=121





Note : n1=2 and n2=11

(3) 252 = 400 +(20 * 3 -19) 5+ ((2*5-2)/2)5

= 400 +(60 -19 )5+20

=400 +41*5+20

=420+205

=625



(4) 92 = 0 +(20 n 1 -19) n+ ((2 n-2)/2)n

= 0+(20 * 10 -19)9+ ((2* 9 -2)/2)9

=0+(200-19)9+(16/2)9

=0+(



(5) 112 = 100 +(20 * 2 -19) 1+ (2*1-2)/2)2

= 100 +40 -19 +0

=100 +21

=121

Powerful Digit “9”

Powerful Digit “9”





If we research on tables, then we got some information.



(1) For the table of 2 -

By multiplication of numbers by 2 we got the following numbers which repeat themselves at some point ─



2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9 2 4

Repeat



Numbers 2 4 6 8 repeated after 9. We write it like this

2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9 2 4 if we add these numbers ─



2 + 4 + 6 + 8 +1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 = 45 = 4 + 5 = 9



(2) For the table of 3 -



3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30

3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3



During adding we got (3 6 9) which repeat themselves.

Write it like this -



3 + 6 + 9 = 18 = 1 + 8 = 9



(3) For the table of 4 -



4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44

4 8 3 7 2 6 1 5 9 4 8

Repeat



4 + 8 + 3 +7 +2 + 6 + 1 + 5 + 9 = 45 = 4 + 5 = 9



(4) For the table of 5 -



5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

5 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 5 1 6

Repeat

5 + 1 + 6 + 2 + 7 + 3 + 8 + 4 + 9 = 45 = 4 + 5 = 9



(5) For the table of 6 -



6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60

6 3 9 6 3 9 6 3 9 6



6 + 3 + 9 = 45 = 4 + 5 = 9



(6) For 7 table: -



7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77

7 5 3 1 8 6 4 2 9 7 5





7 + 5 + 3 +1 + 8 + 6 + 4 + 2 + 9 = 45 = 4 + 5 = 9



(7) For 8 table :-



8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8





8 + 7 + 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 + 9 = 45 = 4 + 5 = 9



(8) For 9 table :-



9 18 24 36 45 54 63 72 81 90

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9





9 = 9



Note :

By studying this we get knowledge about two things.

(1) In a specific table repeating of a number or some numbers.

(2) Number 9 in each equation and in the end too.

पास्कल triangle

PASCAL TRIANGLE”







Pascal was not only the scientist, but also great mathematician . His efforts towards science and math were countless; Pascal triangle is a triangle upon which still some works has to done. I had also done some work on Pascal triangle; there came some points that made his invention . I studied some more on Pascal triangle then there some points came in front of me that i want to share those points with you.



Firstly we going to learn that, How this triangle is build?



If we add numbers i.e.(1+1=2) (1+2+1=4) (1+3+3+1=8) (1+4+6+4+1=16) we get (2, 4, 8, 16) ,which are even numbers.



Further reading tells, 121 is square of 11, 1331 – 11³, 14641 – (11²)², but for the solution of 11 raise to the power 5, new methods has been developed.



By using this method, we can solve any power of 11. This triangle can easily be remembered. Just remember 11, in the next number 1-1 is at the both end and just add the middle number. For example 11, 1, 2, 1, 1, (1+2), (2+1), 1 => 1, 3, 3, 1, 1, (1+3), (3+3), (3+1), 1 => 1, 4, 6, 4, 1.



Figure of Pascal Triangle















11











2
2












1
2
1










4
4











1
3

3
1









8
8










1
4

6

4
1








16
7









1
5

10

10

5
1







32
5








1
6

15

20

15

6
1






64
1







1
7

21

35

35

21

7
1





128
2






1
8

28

56

70

56

28

8
1




256
4





1
9

36

84

126

126

84

36

9
1



512
8




1
10

45

120

210

252

210

120

45

10
1


1024
7



1
11

55

165

330

462

462

330

165

55

11
1

2048
5


1
12

66

220

495

792

924

792

495

220

66

12
1
4096
1

11
11
8192
2

11²
121
16384
4

11³
1331
32768
8

11
14641
65536
7

11
161051
131072
5

11
1771561
262144
1

11
19487171
524288
2

11
214358881
1048576
4

11
2357947691
2097152
8

11
25937424601
4194304
7

11
2.85312E+11
8388608
5

11
3.13843E+12
16777216
1



33554432
2

























67108864
4

























134217728
8

























268435456
7

























536870912
5

























1073741824
1

























2147483648
2

























4294967296
4

























8589934592
8

























17179869184
7

























34359736368
5







115 -> 1 5 10 10 5 1 -> which is a form pascal’s triangle.



To write this in 115 from we have to use this format .

100000

50000

10000

1000

50

1

One is at sixth place .we will add five zero after it . Five is at fifth place we will add four zero .Like this we keep on decreasing number of zero…….

Add at the end we will find out sum of all values and that will be the value of (115).



161051

Is value of 115




Like this we will find out value of (1110) .



First through pascal’s triangle we get :

1 10 45 120 210 252 210 120 45 10 1 form . To

find out value we will use this format.



10000000000

10000000000

4500000000

1200000000

210000000

25200000

2100000

120000

4500

10

1

Add ten zero after 1.

Add nine zero after 10.

After 45 add 8 zero.

After 120 add 7 zero.

After 210 add 6 zero.

After 252 add 5 zero.

After 210 add 4 zero.

After 120 add 3 zero.

After 45 add 2 zero.

Add 1 zero after 10.

At the end add1.

Thisis 1110 value 25937424601





some great work done on pascal triangle,find a new way to get 11 power above 5,it took me to get this new innovation five years

“Mathematical Signs"

“Mathematical Signs"



The importance of sign in our life is very clear from ancient times when words were not developed in any language in that time also people use to communicate and that was possible only with help of signs. It will not be wrong if we say that language is born from signs. Mathematics has its special place in our lives. Because people start counting…just after its birth...

This circle is not so simple to understand. But there are some means which make these things easy and those are mathematical signs. Here our main aim is to discuss the development of these signs.

These signs are use to represent work and to show relations between different mathematical numbers. In a/b the division sign (/) shows that a has to give a part to b (b divides a) and in a
In ancient hand written Granths many symbols are used but with passage of time these are same what changed and after many changes these are presented in today’s form.

Plus and Minus Signs:-

Nearly in 1960’s in the city of Bohemia there was a mathematician named Jauviderman. He wrote books on Arithmetic’s and algebra. He used the signs + and – for the first time in a book. He did not use these signs for addition and subtraction. In spite of that he used signs on behavioral bundles, to show that each bundle is more than or less than a particular fix quantity.

Sign of equality:- The sign of quality was used by Roit Recorde in 1557. He used this sign in a book of algebra ‘Behterstone of bit’ for first time. In the same book he wrote ,”I use these signs in an equation because no two things in whole world will be as equal as these two lines (=).”


Sign of Multiplication: - The sign of multiplication (X) was first time used by British mathematician Willam outred in 1631. In England people started using this sign (X) for multiplication but other countries used dot(.) as sign of multiplication

Sign of Division:- The sign of division (/) was first time used in a book of algebra written by John H. Ryan of Switzerland in 1659. This sign has prevailed in Great British and US. But other countries were using (: ) as a sign of division.

Decimal sign: - The sign of decimal was first time used by mathematician Sieman steven of Holland in his book of arithmetic’s which was published in 1585 in Leedan.In his book
; for example he wrote 173 429/1000

like this: 173. 4 (1) 2 (2) 9 (3)

this equation means that –

173 × (1/10) º + 4 × (1/10)¹ + 2 × (1/10)² + 9 × (1/10)³


Use of:-

First time use of was done by Nicole Orem (1323-1382), the mathematician of France, in his book Algorithm proportion. He wrote 7½ or 5½ like this:





½ 7 OR ½ 5

“Interesting Facts"

“Interesting Facts"



Numeric system was invented by Hindus. In 5th century Aryabhatt has started the use of zero (0) but even thousand years before Aryabhatt zero known to Vedic kalkhand. Decimal Number system was given by hindus in the world.

World First university was started at Takhshila in 700 B.C. More than ten thousand students were studying around 60 subjects. Foundation of university at Nalanda was an admirable achievement of 4th century.

Mother of all European language is “Sanskrit”. According to ‘Fobars’ magazine (july 1987) Sanskit is most suitable language for compute language.

Value of PI ( ) figured by vothayan. Principle was defined by the one same whose name ‘ Pythagorean Principle’ was known for it.

Algebra , Trigonometric and calculus was given by India to the world. In 11th century Shri aacharaya gave a notation for algebric equations.

Fixed value system, Decimal number system was developed in India in 1st Century.

Who has proved the principle of Pythagoras ? Pythagoras ? No! The Principle of Pythagoras was introducing much before by ShlipSutar his birth in India history.

Who discover the Force of Gravity? Newton? No.! Famous India Astrologer Aryabhaskar charya were already introduced the force of gravity which was discovered by Newton before one thousand year approx.

Computation of the biggest star was given by mathematician chandrashekar. It is know as limit of chandrashekha by the scientists.

Ramnujan was a great mathematician who discovered the principle of probability at Cambridge university along with Pof. Hardy. He was given 100 out 100 by pof. Hardy for his fundamental brilliance whereas he himself got 25 In that way Prof Hardy has great respect for Ramanujan in his heart.

Zero (0) was finalized and decimal system was discovered in India by Hindu Gurus.

According to classical Hindu mathematician also known as Vedic Mathematics to make it possible for oral answer of complex mathematician question defined in due or two lines.

For calculation of sangria ganak in Binary number was provided by Hindu Prans thousand years before its existence. In binary number system. The digit can be either 0 (negative) or 1(positive) . All the digit are combinations of 0 and 1 . Our ancient philophical teaties says “The whole world is made up of means positive and zero means negative”.


They said that:-

Elbert Einstein:- we are grateful to India who taught us counting, without which nothing is possible for scientific research.

Prof BryaN David Josephso(France):- youngest novel winner Hear and ideal system in vedant and numeral which is like a quantum field that is Atomic and partial level of particles for process and distribution is its key.

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vastu

VASTU AND DIRECTIONS
As per the Vastu rules, while constructing a building it must be located in such a way that it receives the maximum benefit from the solar and cosmic energies. Thus the orientation attains a vital part. The various directions are:

North, South, East, West, NorthEast, NorthWest, SouthEast and SouthWest. Every corner is again divided into 2 sides. Namely:


NorthEast - East North EastNorth North East
SouthEast - East South East South South East
NorthWest - West North WestNorth North West
SouthWest - South South West West South West


The NorthEast corner is stated to receive the cosmic energy, which is a combination of energy from different planets apart from sun, in abundance. And from there it moves in the opposite direction i.e to the SouthWest.

Vastu Tips Pyramids
Vastu Principles Vastu Test
Vastu Consultancy Pyramid Chips
VASTU TIPS

Astroshastra adapts the ancient vastu guidelines for the contemporary Western lifestyle by offering a reliable system to help you determine your specific needs and preferences.

Vastu can be integrated as science based on energy emanating from various sources. Energy pervades nature. Our life depends on it. Energy rules every form of life on earth. This energy can be either positive or negative. Incorrect vastu creates negative energy. Vastu corrections can be done by neutralising this negative energy by strong positive energy radiating devices like energised pyramids and Energy cards.

Astroshastra shows you practically and concretely how to align the elements of space, air, fire, water and earth so that they work best for you. You will discover the right place to put your bed in your bedroom, the right direction for you to face when you work, the right location to take a healthy break, the right place for your children to study, the right location for your computer or TV, the right place to put heavy furniture, the right place for pictures of your loved ones.


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TIPS FOR YOUR HOME

Vastu can fruitfully be applied to the areas of our activities. We should initially concentrate on areas, which affect our life, i.e., where we live and work.

We all care about our homes and spend time, effort and money, trying to make them more comfortable. For most of us it represents one of the biggest investments we ever make. Our home (the architecture of our homes) can damage our health, the air we breathe and the water we drink, without our even being aware of it.

Similarly, at the places where we work, environmental stresses contribute to overall load, preventing us to reach our full potential. Resisting these external forces becomes more important for growth and development.

Your Prayer Room

1 Room for prayer and meditation is recommended to be in the north-east corner of the house.
2 Deity or image of god should not face the south direction. Ideal positions are such that you face east or west while praying.

Your Staircase

1 Southern or south-western portions of the building are ideal for locating staircase.
2 Do not design staircase of a building in the north-east portion.
3 The steps should climb from east to west or from north to south.
4 If there are landings or turnings in a staircase, it should wind up in the clockwise direction.
5 The number of steps in a staircase should be an odd number so that if you start climbing the steps with the right foot, you will reach the higher floor on the right foot itself.
Number of columns in a building
Columns in a building should be in even numbers.
Columns in the north-east corner should not be circular.
When columns are exposed for architectural purposes, the number of exposed columns also should be even.

VASTU TIPS (Contd..)
Bedroom:- While construction a bed - room, directions should be specially chosen. The directions according to which rooms should be constructed are as under:



North-West The room in this direction is suitable for guests and girls.

South-West The Chief of the house should have his room in this direction.

North-East No bedroom should be situated in this direction. In such situation there is a possibility of increase number of girls in the family

South-East No bedroom should be located in this direction. The children do not take interest in studies. There is no sound sleep. People have much anger. Decisions are generally taken hurriedly.

West There is a possibility of birth of larger number of girls in the family.

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Bathroom: - It should be in the West and South directions and the flow of its drains should be towards North-East. Commode should be South or West facing. Exhausts fan can be fixed on North and East walls. Geysers should be South-East since it is 'Agneya' corner and Geyser is associated with heat.

Toilet: -According to Vastu principles, Toilets and Bathroom should be situated separately. These days, it is not possible because of paucity of space. As such, these are built attached with each other within the house. The following points need special attention for such construction.

1. Never build toilets in the direction of eastern corner or at "Ishan angle".
2. These should be constructed mainly towards South or West.
3. The face should be towards soutrh or West while discharging stool.


Balcony: - It should be constructed in the North-East to achieve good health and wealth and if in the houses already constructed, the balcony is in South-West, it should be covered with glass or screens.

Cowshed: - It has been scientifically proved that the cow discharges Methane gas. We exhale carbon dioxide, which is harmful. Methane nullifies the pollution of Carbon dioxide. Therefore cows should be kept in the North-West as far as possible.

Children's Room: - The children are future of the nation. If the parents are able to give right direction to the children at their tender age then tomorrow they will turn into disciplined citizens. The children's room, too, should be constructed in the North-West corner but the bathroom should be arranged in above noted direction only.

Doors: - The doors should be in the North and East. When someone enters through the door, the waves emerging from the doors affect his mind because the magnetic waves always flow around us. Some painting or window should be opposite each door.

Drawing Room: - It should be in North-West, South or west direction. In the traditional drawing rooms mattresses, covered with white sheets of cloth are spread in the entire room and round pillows are kept in South and West walls. Similarly, in the modern drawing room, the furniture should be kept in South and West directions. As far as possible the open space should be maximum in North and East directions.

Dining Room: - In olden days the meals were taken in the kitchen itself but now the dining room has become an integral part of the drawing room. However the dining table should be kept in South-East.

Delivery Room: - If the delivery of child is to be made in the house, it should be done in North-West rooms.

Entertainment Room: - This is an important place and the suitable directions for it is North-West or South.

Food Storage: - The store should be in the kitchen and in the South-East corner.

Garages: - It should be in the South-East or North-West corner but load on North and East Walls be kept at the minimum.

General Room: -Though, it is sparingly used; yet it should be constructed in the North-West.

Guest Room: - It should be in North-West corner.
VASTU TIPS (Contd..)

Kitchen: -The kitchen must be situated in fire angle, i.e. in South-East. The face of the cook should be towards the East. The water tap in kitchen should be in the North-East direction. It is better if the stone on which food is cooked, is of red colour.


North-West This direction is the source of air. Fire and air are combined. As such, the kitchen can also be built in this direction. But while cooking, the face should be towards the East only.

South-West This direction is not suitable for kitchen.

North-East This direction represents the place of water. Fire and water are not friends. Hence, the kitchen should not be located in this direction. If there is a tank or well in this direction, it is all right or otherwise, as has been experienced, it would curtail peace and mutual love in the family.

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Laundry: - As the hot water is also used while laundering the clothes, the South-East corner has been considered best for it but the flow of drains should be towards North-East.

Main Switch: - The junction of electric cables of the house should be in the South-East corner along with the main switch.

Main Gate: - The main gate is dependent upon the direction on which the plot lies. However, Both-East and West directions are considered best for the main gate of the house.

Mezzanine Floor: - According to the rules of Vastu-Shastra we have to keep the South-West portion higher. Therefore the mezzanine floor should be constructed in, South or West.

Open Space: - In every plot more open space should be kept in North, East and North-East than in South and West.

Portico: - It should be in the Borth-East and its height should be less than that of the main roof.

Patient's Rooms: - It is best to keep this room in South-West or North-West corner. If the head of the patient is kept in the South, he recovers early.

Place of Worship: - This is the place from where good ideas flow. If it is in the North-East and the face of the idol is towards North or East then the property of the house is assured. To gain knowledge, one should offer worship keeping his face Northward and should sit near the northern wall and to gain economic prosperity one should keep one's face towards East and should sit in the Eastern side of the room.

Servant Quarters: - These should be in the North-West corner. But load on the north and east walls should be kept at a minimum. This will keep the servants also happy.

Stair Case: - According to the principles of Vastu Shastra the staircase can be constructed in any direction except North-East. If in some old house, the staircase is in the North-East, then a room should be constructed in South-East to lessen its ill-effects.

Study Room: - The North-East corner is best for a study room. If the study room and place of worship room are adjacent then it is considered most beneficial.

Safe(Cash): - Petty cash for daily expenses should be kept in the North. Jewelry and other valuables should be kept inside a safe in the South. This adds to prosperity.

Terrace: - It should be in the North-East.

Trees: - These should not be in North and East but in South and West only.

Verandah: - This should be in the East as this is also a form of open space. Water Tank/Overhead

Water-Tank: - It is best to keep it in the North-West, but could be kept in West also

VASTU TIPS - Contd..

Well & Tube well: - Water, too, enjoys great importance in Vastu-Shastra, so it should be in the Eishan Kona or North-East corner which is the most suited direction for it. It has been observed that if a well or tube well was in any other direction, the house owner suffers heavy losses. But when it was closed and the tube well was constructed in the North-East, the owner started earning profits. Given below are the directions and their effects.


North Peace and Happiness

East Extreme wealth

South Shortage of female members or miseries.

West Stomach and sexual troubles among male members.

North West Enemy creates trouble.

South - West Disagreement with the son.

South-West Fear of death.

Center of the House Causes Heavy monetary losses

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Windows: -These should be opposite to the doors so that both the positive and negative cycles could be completed. This provides happiness and progress to the family.

Watch & Ward: - The guard- room is always constructed by the main gate. Its height should never be more than seven feet.

Weights & Equipment: - For these the South-West direction is considered to be the best.

Yoga & Meditation: - These should always be done in the open and in the North-East direction.

TIPS FOR FACTOR


1. For factory we should select 'SHERDAH' plot. This type of plot has been considered very beneficial.
2. The shape of the land, roads, uninterrupted availability of water and electric power etc. should be kept in mind.
3. According to 'Vastu Shastra' the main gate of factory should be kept in the East, North or North-East of the plot. All other doors can be kept in North-East, East, North or North-West.
4. The guardroom of the factory should be in North-West of the Northern gate and to the South-East of Eastern gate.
5. There must be open space in the North- East. The land of the factory should be elevated in South-West.
6. The store of the factory should be in the South-West.
7. The North-West corner should be used for car-parking.
8. The administrative block should either be in the North or in the East.
9. The South-East and North-West corner should be selected for the staff.
10. For lavatory and toilet the North-West or South-East corner are most suitable.
11. For heavy machinery South, West or South-West corner is best and these directions are also suitable for raw materials.
12. Semi-finished goods should be kept in the West. With this scheme, the finished product will have uninterrupted sale.
13. Transformers, boilers, oil engines, generators etc. should be kept in South-East corner.
14. The North-East portion of the factory should be lower than the South-West portion.
15. The production process should commence in the South-West and the final product should emerge from North-East.
VASTU TIPS - FOR OFFICE

Vastu is like a mechanism. It is directly related to your destiny. So it will always help to improve it. For example if you have a car you cannot expect it to give you the performance of an air craft. Likewise a good Vastu will always improve your financial status and working conditions.

1 Money and valuables should be kept in an Almirah or safe facing north.
2 If north is blocked it can be cured with the help of regulators.
3 If north of any house is blocked it blocks prosperity.
4 A boring or tube well in south is very harmful for finance.
5 A pit or under ground tank in south is also very harmful for finance. Certain pictures of god goddess and proper placement of mirrors brings financial gains in the house.
6 Water flowing from north to east is very good.
7 A water fountain in the north east part of the house or factory is very good.
8 An aquarium with 9 gold fish and one black fish, in the north east corner/portion of the house or factory is very good.

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Vastu Yantra
This is a very useful and beneficial Yantra. It combats all the bad influences & ill-effects of Vaastu faults existing in one's home or office..
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Seven Sister's
Man's insatiable desire to excel, is unique as we are the only known species in the cosmos with the power of foresight
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SOME IMPORTANT RENOVATIONS WITHOUT DEMOLITION:

I have often seen that at many places, that construction has been done against the principles of Vastu and no improvement is possible without demolition. At such places, I have made some experiments, which have proved to be successful. These are stated below:-
1) If some river or drain is flowing in a direction other than the north-east direction of the house and has anti - clock movement, then I advised to place the statue of dancing Ganeshji facing the west o n the north-east corner of the house. It yielded good results immediately.
2) If the boring has been done in the wrong direction in a house or a factory, then I advised to place the picture of Panchmukhi Hanumanji, facing South-East to the boring. I have seen that bad effects due to wrong boring have subdued.
3) If a naked wall is seen while entering into a flat, then either a picture or a statue of Ganeshji should be placed there. The naked wall is the sign of loneliness. Hence, the wall should not be kept naked.
4) If high voltage overhead wires pass over a house, then a plastic pipe filled with lime should be erected from one corner to the other of the affected area in such a manner that its both ends should remain outside by at least three feet each. This will eliminate the evil effects of energy being generated out of the overhead wire.
5) In certain cases, energy circles can be improved by using Swastika Yantra. But, this requires a lot of care. This should be handled under the supervision of an able Vastu Consultant.

WHAT IF? EFFECT
SOLUTION
kitchen is at the North -East direction. It would curtail peace and mutual love in the family. The kitchen can be built in North - West direction. But while cooking, the face should remain towards the east only.
kitchen is at the South-West direction. This direction is not suitable for kitchen. It would be harmful for the land lord. South-East direction is best for the kitchen. Water tap in the kitchen should be in the North-East direction. It is better if the stone, on which food is cooked, is red.
Tube well is not at the suitable direction. Shortage of female members, sexual and stomach troubles among male members. North -East direction is best for Tube well or well. This place should be open and at the lowest level of the house.
Toilet is built at the eastern corner at the 'Ishan' angle. It may be cause of diseases. This should be constructed mainly towards South or West. The face should be towards north or West while discharging stool.
Bedroom is at the South -East direction The children do not take interest in studies. There is no sound sleep. People have much anger. Decisions are generally taken hurriedly. To know about best direction for the bedroom, click here.
Bedroom is built in the North - West direction. The room in this direction is suitable for guests and girls.
Worship place is not at right direction Loss of concentration. Unpeaceful mind To see the good direction of worship place, click here


VASTU TIPS (Contd..)

REMEDIES FOR CONSTRUCTION MADE AGAINST THE PRINCPLES OF VASTU

Bedroom:- While construction a bed - room, directions should be specially chosen. The directions according to which rooms should be constructed are as under
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Pyramid Chips
Indian Vastu and Feng Shui are based on scientific foundation and its theory of "five great Elements" and ten directions. Acc to Feng Shui there are five greate elements.
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Seven Sister's
Man's insatiable desire to excel, is unique as we are the only known species in the cosmos with the power of foresight.
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1 If some river or drain is flowing in a direction other than the north-east direction of the house and has anti - clock movement, then it is advised to place a statue of dancing Ganeshji facing the west on the north-east corner of the house.
2 If the boring has taken place in the wrong direction in a house or a factory, then it is advised to place a picture of Panchmukhi Hanumanji, facing South-West to the boring.
3 If high voltage overhead wires pass over a house, then a plastic pipe filled with lime should be erected from one corner to the other of the affected area in such a manner that its both ends should remain outside by at least three feet each. This will eliminate the evil effects of energy being generated out of the overhead wire.
4 In certain cases, energy circles can be improved by using Swastika Yantra. But, this requires a lot of care. This should be handled under the supervision of an able Vastu mason.
5 While drinking water keep your face towards North-East.
IMPORTANT TIPS

1 Cactus should not be planted or kept in the house.
2 The statue of Hanumanji should not be placed in South-East. It may create fire hazard.
3 All the doors should open inside so that the energy may remain inside.
4 The hinges of doors should be noiseless. If so. The hinges may be greased periodically.
5 The doors should open towards right hand.
6 Bed should not be put under a beam.
7 There should not be five corners in the ceiling of a room.
8 Efforts should be made a leave the rooms open on North-East side.
9 While ascending the staircase, the face should be either towards the north or the east.
10 The seat of the toilet should face North-South.
11 No doors or windows should be provided on South-West side.
12 Almirahs and beds should be set very close to the South - West wall and at a distance from the north - east wall.
13 When sitting for worship, keep your face towards North-West and sit in that corner to intake air from that direction.
14 While Taking meals the plate should be in South-East.
15 In the South-West Corner of the house one should sleep pointing his head towards south.

NUMBER NINE ,AMAZING

NUMBER NINE ,AMAZING

* NINE GODDESS
**NINE PLANETS
***PIYUSH CONSTANT
AMAZING NUMBER NINE,(PIYUSH CONSTANT).
IT IS VERY INTERESTING ,IT IS MY OWN SEARCH,I LOVE MATHS,IN THE FUTURE VERY SOON MY OWN BOOK ON MATHS WILL PUBLISH MATHS--- A STUDY(IN HINDI),OR MAY BE IN THE FORM OF WEBSITE.
TAKE ANY NUMBER OF DIGITS,HERE I AM TAKING 25 AND 32,NOW
YOU CAN WRITE THEM IN FOUR WAYS LIKE THAT
25*32=800
25*23=575
52*23=1196
52*32=1664
NOW VERY AMAZING,SUBSTRACT BIGGER ONE TO ANY LOWER,ONE BY ONE
1664-1196=468=4+6+8=­18=1+8=9
1664-575=1089=1+0+8+­9=18=1+8=9
1164-800=864=8+6+4=1­8=1+8=9
1196-575=621=6+2+1=9­­
1196-800=396=3+6+9=1­8=1+8=9
800-575=225=2+2+5=9
ALWAYS NINE,FOR ANY DIGITS,NO BODY CAN COPY ALL RIGITS RESERVED TO PIYUSHDADRIWALA,IT IS JUST MY LOVEY BLOGGERS WHO HAVE INTEREST IN MATHS.LOVE TO ALL
PIYUSHDADRIWALA
www.piyush-g.741.com­ ­
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*ALBET EINSTEN,S EQUATION
E=MC(SQUARE)
E=ENERGY,M=MASS AND C=SPEED OF LIGHT(THAT IS3*10 POWER 8)
THAT IS 9*10POWER16,THAT IS FACT ,IF YOU MULTIPLE NINE TO ANY NUMBER OF DIGITS ,THE SUM OF EACH DIGITS YOU WILL ALWAYS GET NINE.
*WHAT ALL GODS HAVE COMMON ,THAT IS ALSO NINE.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
A B C D E F G H I
J K L M N O P Q R
S T U V W X Y Z

1. HINDU ( SHREE KRISHNA)
­ 1+8+9+5+5+2+9+9+1+8+­5+1=63=6+3=9
2. MUSLIM (MOHAMMED)
­ 4+6+8+1+4+4+5+4=36=3­+6=9
3. SHIK (GURU NANAK)
7+3+9+3+5+1+5+1+2=36­=3+6=9
4. PARSI (ZARA THUSTRA )
8+1+9+1+2+8+3+1+2+9+­1=45=4+5=9
5.BUDH (GAUTAM)
7+1+3+2+1+4=18=1+8=9­­
6.JAIN (MAHAVIR)
4+1+8+1+4+9+9=36=3+6­=9
7. ESAI (ESA MESSIAH)
5+1+1+4+5+1+1+9+1+8=­36=3+6=9
8. SAI NATH
1+1+9+5+1+2+8=27=2+7­=9
AT LAST BY CAHANCE WHEN I TRY TO CALCULATE MY NAME "PIYUSHDADARIWALA" AS PER THIS METHOD ,GOT NINE......BUT I AM NOT GOD.......BUTI BELIEVE,WITHOUT GOD ,I AM DOG
9. PIYUSHDADRIWALA
7+9+7+3+1+8+4+1+4+9+­9+5+1+3+1=72=7+2=9

I THINK YOU ALL ENJOY,I HAVE MORE,NEXT TIME
LOVE TO ALL
PIYUSHDADRIWALA
www.piyush-g.741.com­­
­
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PIYUSH MIRROR IMAGE WORDS(CAPITAL )

PIYUSH MIRROR IMAGE WORDS(CAPITAL)
THIS IS MY OWN CREATION ,ONE DAY I WAS DOING WORKING ON MIRROR IMAGE WRITTING,SUDDENLY ONE IDEA CAME IN MY MIND AND I GOT SOME ALPHABETS,WHICH NEVER CHANGE IN MIRROR ,THIS ALPHABETS ARE (A,H,I,M,O,T,U,V,W,X,Y),AND AFTER THAT I WORKED ON WORDS ,WHICH I GOT,FIRST I GOT A WORD WHERE I WAS WORKING THAT IS "YAMAHA",THEN "OHIO,TOYOTA,(THERE ARE ALL JAPANES WORDS MAY BE MORE IN THIS LANGUAGES,THEN I GOT
AIM
AM
AMITY
AT
AMOMUM
ATOM
ATAXIA
ATOMY
AUTO
AUTOMAT
AWAIT
AXIOM
AWAY
IT
TOO
TO
OX
MIX
WAX
MAXIM
WITH
HIM
THAT
WHAT
WHY
HOW
MAY BE MORE ,IF YOU HAVE MORE ADD.....
PIYUSHDADRIWALA
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www.piyushdadriwala.3steps.com

प्य्रामिद ऎंड sphere

Pyramid and Spheres
Pyramids are polyhedra because they are made up of plane faces. Spheres are not polyhedra because they are curved.

Pyramids
If a line that is fixed at a point, called the vertex, is moved around the perimeter of a polygon, then a pyramid is formed.

The following solid is pyramid.



Pyramids are named after their base. So, the pyramid shown above is an example of a rectangular pyramid.

Some other pyramids are shown below.



A pyramid is said to be right when its vertex is directly above the centre of the base. The cross-sections parallel to the base are the same shape but have different sizes.




The net of the above pyramid consists of:

a rectangular base; and
four triangular faces


Note:
The cross-sections parallel to the base have the same shape as the base but different sizes.
The net of a pyramid consists of a base polygon and a number of triangular faces.
A regular pyramid has a base that is a regular polygon and has faces which are isosceles triangles.

Spheres
If a semicircle is revolved about its diameter, then a sphere is formed.

The following solid is a sphere.



The cross-sections of a sphere are circles. The cross-sections that pass through the centre of the sphere are called great circles whilst other cross-sections are called small circles.



A hemisphere is a half sphere.











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pyramid

The curious synchronicities of the pyramids



The use of the cross and plumb line reveal several mathematical designs that co ordinate with time speed and distance of the motions of the earth, sun and moon against the zodiac thereby implying that the designer of the complex understood astronomical mathematics not considered to have appeared historically until several thousand years later.

Click on thumbnails

The Giza Complex near Cairo in Egypt offers many mysteries to solve and is laid out in a complex of 3 larger pyramids and six small ones amounting to a total of 9



Essentially, the complex is located at 30° north Latitude

Did the architect astronomer design the pyramids to reflect their own latitude?



In essence the reducing circumference of a small circle as you progress from the south equator to the north pole south to north is 240 nautical miles per degree

A degree is equal to 60 nautical miles at the equator and 1 nautical mile = 1 arc minute of time/speed/ distance

Speed of the sun over a great circle is 900 nautical miles per hour and is directly related to the speed of earth rotation

360° x 60 minutes = 21600 Nautical miles earth circumference at the equator this number is directly related to 2160 years in an astrological age because of the symbiotic geometry

The pyramid is at 30 degrees North

30 x 240 = 7200 - 21600 = 14400 nautical miles earth circumference at 30 degrees latitude

Each face of the pyramid is 180 degrees

180 x 4 = 720 take the seen and the unseen as in the squaring of the circle exercise

720 x 2 = 1440 x 10 equals 30 latitude at Giza of a small circle circumference of 14,440 Nautical miles.


Did the architect astronomer show in the pyramids a knowledge of Precession?

Motion of the Precession of the Equinoxes

Multiply by three main pyramids 720 X 3 = 2160 an astrological age

9 pyramids in the complex X 720 x 4 = 25920 years or 12 Zodiac signs

Did the Astronomer Architect measure the motion of the moon?

25920 - 21600 = 4320 x 4 = 17280 years

The moon is retrograde and only travels at 720 miles per hour and is related to the base line of one side of the great pyramid as 720 feet

in 24 hours it travels 17280 miles on a great circle

1 hour for the sun in distance of rotation 900 Sea Miles

1 hour for the moon in distance 720 sea miles

900 - 720 = 180° = or 1 face of the pyramid in degrees

52° x 52° x 76 °= 180° squares the circle and incorporates the Golden Section and perfect spherical geometry relating to

As Above so below.

Did the Astronomer Architect need an instrument capable of measuring degrees as a sidereal observation?

Measuring the path of a celestial object with a cross and plumb line



Are the Dixon Relics the missing Architects Instrument?





Dixon relics assembled

Was the Pyramid a clock?

On the matter of time
The earth spins at 900 nautical miles every hour (Unit of Horus) or 60 minutes of arc

60 ÷ 900 = 0.0666 minutes of time
1 minute of arc at any latitude = 0.0666 minutes of time

24 hours x 60 minutes = 1440 minutes

24 hours x 60 minutes x 60 seconds = 86,400 seconds ÷ 4 = 21600

1440 ÷ 21600 = 0.0666

Earth measurement is the secret of time and that is governed by cycles of life, death and rebirth
These cycles were measured by observing the constellation Draconis in the North as it spins known as Shiva, The Serpent, The Lord of the Dance, the worm, the dragon, the millstone and Reret.
There is much more of course, but it was the 1872 Dixon Relics that allowed Crichton E M Miller to re construct the astronomer, navigator architects instrument to rediscover this curiosity of number and synchronicity in the Giza Complex

piyushdadriwala
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pyramids

Geometry > Solid Geometry > Polyhedra > Pyramids
Recreational Mathematics > Interactive Entries > LiveGraphics3D Applets


Pyramid








A pyramid is a polyhedron with one face (known as the "base") a polygon and all the other faces triangles meeting at a common polygon vertex (known as the "apex"). A right pyramid is a pyramid for which the line joining the centroid of the base and the apex is perpendicular to the base. A regular pyramid is a right pyramid whose base is a regular polygon. An -gonal regular pyramid (denoted ) having equilateral triangles as sides is possible only for , 4, 5. These correspond to the tetrahedron, square pyramid, and pentagonal pyramid, respectively.

A pyramid is self-dual, corresponding to the fact that a pyramid's skeleton (a wheel graph) is a self-dual graph.

An arbitrary pyramid has a single cross-sectional shape whose lengths scale linearly with height. Therefore, the area of a cross section scales quadratically with height, decreasing from at the base () to 0 at the apex (assumed to lie at a height ). The area at a height above the base is therefore given by

(1)

As a result, the volume of a pyramid, regardless of base shape or position of the apex relative to the base, is given by

(2)
(3)
(4)

Note that this formula also holds for the cone, elliptic cone, etc.

The volume of a pyramid whose base is a regular -sided polygon with side is therefore

(5)

Expressing in terms of the circumradius of the base gives

(6)

(Lo Bello 1988, Gearhart and Schulz 1990).

The geometric centroid is the same as for the cone, given by

(7)

The lateral surface area of a pyramid is

(8)

where is the slant height and is the base perimeter.

Joining two pyramids together at their bases gives a dipyramid, also called a bipyramid.


piyushdadriwala
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Indira Gandhi

Indira Gandhi
Indira Gandhi was the first woman ever elected to lead a democracy. She was the Prime Minister from 1966-77 and then again between 1980-84 till her death at the hands of her own bodyguards. A paradox she may seem for during the time that she served India as a Prime Minister, she was known as a dictator as well as one of the most charismatic leaders of India.

Indira Gandhi was born on November 19, 1917 and was the only child of Jawaharlal and Kamala Nehru. The active participation of both her parents in India's independence struggle of India from the British, Indira Gandhi was drawn to politics at an early age. It was as if politics and politicians always surrounded her.

By the time she was about twelve years old, she headed what came to be known as the Monkey Brigade. The monkey brigade consisted of children who warned the independence movement leaders of their arrest. Being its leader, she delivered speeches while other children actually warned the people who were going to be arrested. The Congress figured that the British would not suspect children of participating in such involvement.

She was soon sent to England for her studies where she joined the Somerville college, Oxford. She also spent time in Switzerland primarily because her mother needed to be there due to her ill health. But her mother passed away in 1936.

In 1938, Indira returned to India and joined the Indian National Congress Party. Soon afterwards in 1942, she married journalist Feroze Gandhi with whom she eventually had two sons-Sanjay and Rajiv Gandhi. Soon after the couple was married, they were sent to prison on charges of subversion by the British. Her one and only imprisonment lasted from September 11, 1942 until May 13, 1943 at the Naini Central Jail in Allahabad.

India won its independence from Britain in 1947. In that same year, Indira's father Jawaharlal Nehru became India's first Prime Minister. Since her mother's death, Indira acted as her father's hostess and confidante and traveled with Nehru. Simultaneously, she was steadily making her way presence felt in the political arena. She began to associate herself with numerous organizations. From 1953-57 she was Chairman of the Central Social Welfare Board. In 1955, she became a member of the Working Committee and Central Election Committee, the Central Parliamentary Board from 1956, and was the President of the All India Youth Congress from 1956 to 1960.

After the death of her father, Jawaharlal Nehru in1964, the then Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri appointed Indira Gandhi as the Minister of Information and Broadcasting. This position was the fourth highest-ranking position in the Cabinet as radio and television were an important source to disseminate information to the largely illiterate population of India. As a minister, She encouraged the making of inexpensive radios and started a family planning program.

But Lal Bahadur Shastri suddenly died of a heart attack in 1966. The contenders for Prime Minister's post could not agree among themselves and therefore felt that Indira Gandhi would be the best for the position as a prime minister. Hence, she became the Prime Minister in 1966 till India held the next elections in 1967. She won that election--- in 1967, she became the first woman ever elected to lead a democracy. In 1971, Gandhi was re-elected by campaigning with the slogan "Garibi Hatao" (Abolish Poverty).

She rode a wave of success in 1971 with India's victory in the Indo-pak war and the launching of the India's first satellite into space. And with the testing of a nuclear device in 1974, she earned the reputation of a tough and shrewd politician among the middle class.

Simultaneously, by 1973, large-scale demonstrations were taking place across Delhi and north India. A large section of the population felt that she was not living up to her promises of "Garibi Hatao". High inflation, rampant corruption and poor standards of living were leading to social unrest.

In an attempt to control population growth, she implemented a voluntary sterilization program. But her adversaries criticized it. She began to face a strong opposition to her administration in general.

By 1975, Indira Gandhi had to face charges of corruption. In June 1975, the High Court of Allahabad found her guilty of using illegal practices during the last election campaign. She was ordered to vacate her seat. There were demands for her resignation.

She responded by declaring a state of emergency on June 25, 1975. During this emergency, the Supreme Court of India overturned the Allahabad High Court's judgment. Through the powers ensured to her through the emergency, she ordered the arrests of the main opposition leaders. In her opinion, she declared an emergency for the good of India. The constitutional rights of the citizens were limited and the press was under strict censorship overnight. Meanwhile, her eldest son, Sanjay Gandhi, ordered the removal of slum dwellings, and in an attempt to curb India's growing population, initiated a highly resented program of forced sterilization.

In early 1977, she thought she had eliminated her opposition and called for fresh elections. Her Congress party lost badly at the polls. She was voted out of power and a newly formed coalition of political parties came to power. Many declared that she was a spent force. But, three years later, she was to return as Prime Minister of India.

Indira Gandhi came to power again as the prime minister in 1980. The same year, however, her son Sanjay was killed in an airplane crash.

In the post-emergency period, as a prime minister Indira Gandhi was preoccupied by efforts to resolve the political problems in the state of Punjab. In her attempt to crush the secessionist movement of Sikh militants, led by Jarnail Singh Bindranwale, she ordered an assault upon the holiest Sikh shrine in Amritsar, the "Golden Temple". It was from here that Bindranwale and his armed supporters waged their campaign. "Operation Bluestar", waged in June 1984, led to the death of Bindranwale, and the Golden Temple was stripped clean of Sikh terrorists. However, the Golden Temple was damaged, and Mrs. Gandhi earned the undying hatred of Sikhs who bitterly resented her action in their sacred space. In November of the same year, Mrs. Gandhi was assassinated, at her residence, by two of her own Sikh bodyguards, who claimed to be avenging the insult heaped upon the Sikh nation.

Her death led to sectarian violence across India during which over a 1000 people died of which many were Sikhs.

Indira Gandhi was remarkable for her ambition for personal power, her endurance and political tenacity. Mrs. Gandhi acquired a formidable international reputation as a "statesman", and there is no doubt that she was extraordinarily skilled in politics. On the international front, she insisted on India's independence, gradually loosened ties with the former USSR that were developed in the early 1970s when China seemed menacing. She was proved to be a forceful spokeswoman for the rights of poorer nations. On the domestic front, however, her autocratic methods often clashed with her democratic principles. She had an authoritarian streak and rarely tolerated dissent. In many respects, Indian democracy was irreparably harmed during her rule. Apart from her infamous imposition of the internal emergency, the use of the army to resolve internal disputes greatly increased in her time.

After her death, her second son, Rajiv Gandhi, was sworn in as head of the Congress party and Prime Minister.



Quick Look : : Life Line
1917, November 19: Date of birth
1930: founded the Bal Chakha Sangh and was part of the Vanas Sena---a children's organization which ran messages to help the Congress Party or Freedom Movement during the non-cooperative movement.
-Goes to study in England and joins Somerville college in Oxford.
1938: joins the Indian National Congress
1942: marries Feroze Gandhi
1942: The couple is soon imprisoned at the Naini Central jail, Allahabad on September 11, 1942 on charges of subversion
1943, May 13: released from Naini Central jail
1947-1964: remains with her father as his hostess and close supporter
1947: under Gandhi's instructions, she works in riot-affected areas of Delhi.
1953-57: serves as the Chairman of the Central Social Welfare Board
1955: becomes a member of the working Committee and Central Election Committee
1956: member of Central Parliamentary Board
1956-60: Becomes the President of the All India Youth congress
1960: Feroze Gandhi, her husband, dies
1964: Nehru, her father, dies
1964: she is elected to the parliament in his place
1964-66: serves as the Minister of Information and Broadcasting
1966: becomes the Prime Minister after the death of Lal Bahadur Shastri
1971: calls for a general election and wins by an enormous margin
-declares war with Pakistan over Bangladesh
-sends India's first satellite into space
-her period in office is marked by severe economic troubles.
1973: there are demonstrations across the country due to high inflation, poor state of the economy, rampant corruption and the poor standards of living.
1974: tests the explosion of a nuclear device.
1975, June: the High Court of Allahabad found her guilty of illegal practices during the last election campaign and ordered her to vacate her seat.
-She responded by declaring a state of emergency.
1977: Indira Gandhi calls for early elections but loses
-she faces charges of corruption and authoritarianism
-is expelled from parliament and is imprisoned.
1978: is released from prison.
-Resigns from the congress party
-Becomes leader of the Indian National Congress
-Wins a seat through a by-election
1980: is re-elected as the Prime Minister
-Sanjay Gandhi, her youngest son, dies in a plane crash
1984, June: in an attempt to crush the secessionist movement in Punjab, she launched "Operation Blue Star". She sent troops into the "Golden Temple" of Amritsar. This led to the death of Jarnail Singh Bindrawale, the leader of the secessionist movement of Sikh militants.

Books on Indira Gandhi:
Indira Gandhi: The Life of Indira Nehru Gandhi
-by Katherine Frank
Indira Gandhi, the 'Emergency', and Indian Democracy
- by P. N. Dhar
Indira Gandhi, Speeches and Writings.
- by Indira Gandhi
The assassination of Indira Gandhi
- by Ritu Sarin
Indira Gandhi : Letters to an American Friend, 1950-1984
- by Dorothy Norman
Indira Gandhi and Foreign Policy Making : The Bangladesh Crisis
- by Narottam Gaan
Indira : a biography of Prime Minister Gandhi
- by Krishan Bhatia
Impact of Indira Gandhi on Indian Political System
- by Dhrub Dumar
Indira Gandhi : Daughter of India (Lerner Biographies)
- by Carol Dommermuth-Costa

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रामाक्रिशाना paramhans

Ramakrishna Paramahamsa (1836-1886)
Bhagavan Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa was born on February 18, 1836. He was a Bengali religious leader. He was a devotee of the Goddess Kali. As a young man he became a temple priest. He immersed himself in intense meditation and other spiritual practices. He became a teacher of Advaita Vedanta Hinduism. He placed “Spiritual Religion” above “Blind Ritualism”.

In his thirst for the divine, Ramakrishna followed different religious paths including various branches of Hinduism. But finally he reached to conclusion that all religions lead to the same goal. Ramakrishna said that his experience of nirvikalpa Samadhi convinced him that the Gods of various religions are merely so many interpretations of the Absolute and that the ultimate reality could never be expressed in human terms. Through many of his Sikh devotees he learned of their faith and its great founders. This exposure to Sikhism and Buddhism further confirmed his experience of the Universality of spiritual truth.

Ramakrishna also believed that his experience of nirvikalpa Samadhi gave him an understanding of the two sides of maya (illusion) which are avidyamaya and vidyamaya. Avidyamaya represents the dark forces of creation which keep the world system on lower planes of consciousness. Vidyamaya, on the other hand, represents the higher forces of creation which elevate human beings to the higher planes of consciousness. With the help of vidyamaya, the devotees can achieve the ultimate goal of becoming mayatita, which means free from maya.

He revitalized Hinduism which had been fraught with excessive ritualism and superstition in the nineteenth century and helped it better respond to challenges from Islam, Christianity, and the dawn of the modern era. The four key concepts in Ramakrishna’s teachings were the following:

The oneness of existence
The divinity of human beings
The unity of God
The harmony of religions

The Ramakrishna Mission was founded by Swami Vivekananda, but it was his spiritual master, Ramakrishna, who directly provided the main impetus for this movement. Although the Brahmo Samaj and the Arya Samaj preceded the Ramakrishna Mission, their influence on a larger level was limited. The life and teachings of this Man of God have had a tremendous impact on the world at large as well as on the people of India.

Among his many other noteworthy characteristics were his universality and child-like purity, intense sincerity, his vast knowledge of thins spiritual and human, and his extraordinary power to transform lives.

His whole life was literally an uninterrupted contemplation of God. He reached a depth of God-consciousness that transcends all time and place and has a universal appeal. Through his Godly life Sri Ramakrishna proved that the revelation of God takes place at all times and that realizing God is not the monopoly of any particular age, or people. In him deepest spirituality and broadest catholicity stood side by side. In the present day world, threatened by nuclear war and torn by religious intolerance, Ramakrishna’s message of harmony gives us hope and shows the right way.

Sayings of Sri Ramakrishna:



I tell you the truth: there is nothing wrong in your being in the world. But you must direct your mind towards God.

There is one whom you may call your own, and that is God.

Money can fetch you bread alone. Do not consider it as your sole end and aim.

You see many stars in the sky at night, but not when the sun rises. Can you therefore say that there are no stars in the heavens during the day? O, man because you cannot find God in the days of your ignorance, say not there is no God.

Seekest thou God? Then seek him in man! His Divinity is manifest more in man than in any other object. Man is greatest manifestation of God.

Women naturally whether good or not, whether chaste or unchaste, should always be regarded as images of the Blissful Divine Mother.

The ego that asserts, ‘I am the servant of God’ is the characteristic of the true devotee. It is the ego of vidya (knowledge), and is called the ‘ripe’ ego.

Let me be condemned to be born over and over again, even in the form of a dog, if so I can be of help to a single soul.

To become great, one must be humble. The tree laden with fruit always bends low. So if you wish to be great, be lowly and meek.

If you say, ‘I am a sinner’, eternally, you will remain a sinner to all eternity. You ought to rather repeat, ‘I am not bound. I am not bound. Who can bind me? I am the son of God, the King of Kings’.


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अटल बिहारी .....

Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Atal Bihari Vajpayee's political career stretches over 50 years. Over the course of his career, he was elected to the Lok Sabha (House of the People) nine times and twice to the Raj Sabha (House of the Lords). And he twice served as the Prime Minister of India. The first time he served as a Prime Minister, it was for a short time between May 16 and May 31, 1996. The BJP had won the largest number of parliamentary seats in 1996 elections but they failed to form a coalition and therefore, Vajpayee had to resign. However, he became the Prime Minister again on October 13, 1999 when the Bharitiya Janata Party (BJP) won the most number of seats in the parliament and he headed a coalition government---the National Democratic Alliance (NDA).

He began to be seriously interested in politics from his college days when he was a student of Law and Political Science. He then went on to participate in the Quit India Movement and a career in journalism. But his career in journalism lasted only till 1951 when he joined the Bharatiya Jana Sangh (BJS).

The BJS was the precursor of the BJP. In 1957, he was elected to the second Lok Sabha. Over the decades, he was an active member of the Lok Sabha and the Raj Sabha. He also became the leader of the BJS and eventually the BJP too. In 1994, he was given Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant Award for the Best Parliamentarian.

Over the course of his political career, he managed to establish his reputation as a man of the masses, a poet and an inspiring orator. After becoming the Prime Minister, he seemed to have softened BJP's reputation of being anti-muslim. He advocates the development of India as a nuclear power as he supported nuclear tests in Pokran in 1998. He pressed for the continuation of free market reforms and encouraged women's rights.

In 1994, he was conferred the highest civilian award---the Padma Bhushan award.

Some of the titles of the books that he published are:

Lok Sabha Mein Atalji (a collection of speeches)
Mrityu Ya Hatya, Amar Balidan, Kaidi Kavirai Ki Kundalian (a collection of poems written in jail during Emergency)
New Dimensions of India's Foreign Policy (a collection of speeches delivered as External Affairs Minister during 1977-79)
Jana Sangh Aur Musalman
Three Decades in Parliament (Speeches in three volumes)
Amar Aag Hai(a collection of poems) 1994
Meri Ekyavan Kavitayen
Four Decades in Parliament (English)-4 Volumes of Speeches in Parliament, 1957-95

लाल बहादुर sastri

Lal Bahadur Shastri (1904-1966)
Lal Bahadur Shastri was born in Moghalsarai, which is also spelt as Mughalsarai, on October 2, 1904. His parents were Sharada Prasad and Ramdulari Devi. Though his parents were Srivatsavas, Shastri dropped his caste identity in his early years. His father died when he was only a year old. His mother with the help of her father took care of the children. Lal Bahadur acquired virtues like boldness, love of adventure, patience, self-control, courtesy, and selflessness in his childhood.

His abandoned his studies to take part in the non-cooperation movement started by Gandhi in 1921. He was given the title ‘Shastri’ at Kashi Vidya Peetha in 1926. During his four years’ stay there, he was very much influenced by the lectures of Dr. Bhagawandas on philosophy. In his later life, Shastri displayed poise in the midst of conflict and confusion which he learnt from his teacher, Bhagawandas.

After coming out from Kashi Vidya Peeth, he became the life-member of The Servants of the People Society which was started by Lala Lajpat Rai in 1921. The aim of the society was to train youth who were prepared to dedicate their lives to the service of the country. Shastri earned the love and affection of Lajpat Rai by his earnestness and hard work. Later he became the President of the society. In 1927, Shastri married Lalitha Devi who was from Mirzalyur.

Lal Bahadur Shastri took a leading role in ‘Salt Satyagraha’ which was intensified by 1930. He also advised people not to pay land revenue and taxes to the British government. He was sent to prison for two and half years for doing so. From this time onwards prison became his second home. He was sent to prison seven times and was forced to spend nine long years in various prisons on different occasions.

Going to prison became a blessing in disguise for him. He spent time reading number of books. He became familiar with the works of western philosophers, revolutionaries, and social reformers. He translated the autobiography of Madam Curie, a French scientist who discovered Radium, into Hindi. He was a ideal prisoner. The greatness of Shastri was that he maintained his self-respect even in prison.

After Independence, he became the Minister of police in the ministry of Govind Vallabh Panth. In 1951, he was appointed as the General Secretary of Lok Sabha before regaining a ministerial post as Railways Minister. He resigned following a rail disaster near Ariyalur. He returned to the Cabinet following the general elections, first as Minister of Transport, and then in 1961, he became the Home Minister.

Nehru died in office on May 27, 1964, and left something of a vaccum.Though eclipsed by such stalwarts of the congress party as Kamaraj, and Morarji Desai, the Finance Minister in Nehru’s government, Shastri emerged as the consensus candidate in the midst of the party warfare. The ruling congress party Shastri unanimously as its leader. He became the Prime Minister on June 9, 1964. He became the Prime Minister of India at a very crucial time in Indian history.

The first problem he had to face after becoming the P.M was the one caused by Pakistan. After the Chinese aggression, when India’s confidence in her strength had been shaken, Pakistan was creating trouble along the borders. But Shastriji would not yield to the wickedness of Pakistan. He first tried to earn the good-will and support from the other nations for India. He attended a meeting of non-aligned nations and explained India’s position. Pakistan was awaiting to swallow Kashmir into its territory. She pushed her forces across the eastern border into the Rann of Kuch in Gujarat in 1965. Shastri faced the problem with great tact. But later there was a large scale invasion of the territory by Pakistani soldiers which lead to the break out of war along the cease-fire line on the Kashmir border. Addressing the Nation on 13th August 1965, Shastri referred to Pakistan threats and said, “Force will be met with force”.

Some big Nations feared that if India won a total victory over Pakistan, it would lower their prestige. The Security Council of the United Nations Organization called on India and Pakistan to stop fighting. On the invitation of Kosygin, the Premier of Soviet Russia, Shastri and Ayub Khan met in Tashkent on January 4, 1966. Shastri wished to give one more chance to Pakistan to live in peace and friendship with India. So he signed the treaty of friendship.

Shastriji had suffered heart attacks twice before and during the period of Pakistan war and the following days his body had to bear a very heavy strain. He signed the Joint Declaration on 10th January 1966. He died the same night. Gone was the war hero and the messenger of peace, gone was the great statesman who restored to India her honor and self-respect in the assembly of nations. A tiny, tidy figure. A soul that had lived in perfect purity of thought, word, and deed. Such was this man who had lived in our midst. He belongs to the race of heroes of India.

He was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna and a memorial was built for him in Delhi. The slogan, ‘Jai jawan, Jai kisan’ is attributed to Shastri. Lal Bahadur Shastri was a star of great brightness in the history of India.

राजीव gandhi

Rajiv Gandhi
Rajiv Gandhi entered politics only after the death of his brother, Sanjay Gandhi, in 1980. Rajiv Gandhi had not shown much interest in politics till then. He attended college at Cambridge, England; married an Italian, Sonia Gandhi; and worked as a pilot for the Indian Airlines.

Rajiv's mother, Indira Gandhi, was active in India's national politics as she had by then served as the Prime Minister of India. Rajiv Gandhi's brother was an aide to their mother in politics. So when Sanjay Gandhi died, it is said that Indira Gandhi convinced Rajiv Gandhi to enter politics. But Rajiv Gandhi was not new to politics as he was born into a family of politicians. His grandfather, Nehru, was the first Prime Minister of India. His mother, father and brother too were politically very active.

Rajiv Gandhi won his first parliamentary elections to the Lok Sabha in 1981. At that time, Indira Gandhi was re-elected as the Prime Minister and Rajiv Gandhi became her unofficial political advisor. But in 1984, Indira Gandhi's bodyguards assassinated her and Rajiv Gandhi took over as the head of the Congress party and was sworn in as the Prime Minister.

His government encouraged foreign investment, and industry boomed with the loosening of business controls. He sought to increase Indian investments in modern technology. He removed many restrictions on imports and encouraged foreign investment. His critics claim that he was indecisive as he changed his cabinet members frequently. He fired his mother's aides and instead appointed his friends and technocrats. In 1987, he committed the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) to Sri Lanka in an endeavor to help the government there eradicate militants agitating for a separate Tamil homeland. Though one of the campaign promises of the Congress party was to eliminate corruption in politics, Rajiv Gandhi's tenure as Prime Minister was marred by allegations of corruption. He was accused of receiving "kick-backs" from a Swedish company manufacturing Bofors machine-guns.

In elections in November 1989 Gandhi won his seat, but the Congress Party lost its majority and he resigned as prime minister. He and his party's implications in corruption scandals decreased their credibility as a strong party.

Rajiv Gandhi began to campaign again in 1991. It was while he was campaigning in Tamil Nadu in south India that a Tamil sucide bomber took his life. They said that it was revenge for intervening in Sri Lanka's politics.

In 1998, 26 members of a separatist guerrilla group known as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam were convicted of Gandhi's murder and sentenced to death.

And in 1999, Rajiv Gandhi was posthumously charged with participating in a kickback scheme in a Bofors arms deal.



Quick Look : : Life Line
1944: born in Mumbai
1980: his brother Sanjay dies in a plane crash.
1981: His mother, Indira Gandhi convinces him to join politics.
- he is elected into the parliament
1984: Her bodyguards assassinate Indira Gandhi
- Rajiv Gandhi leads the congress party to a sweeping victory and succeeds his mother as Prime Minister.
1987: sends the Indian Peace Keeping Force to Sri Lanka mediate an end to Tamil-Sinhalese violence there.
1988: Allegations of corruption in the Bofors scam diminish his popularity.
1989: the congress party loses its parliamentary majority and Rajiv Gandhi resigns as Prime Minister
1991: while campaigning for the elections, he is assassinated by a Tamil militant suicide bomber in Tamil Nadu. They said it was their revenge for india's intervention in the civil war in Sri Lanka.
1998: 26 members of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam (a separatist guerilla group) are convicted of Rajiv Gandhi's murder and are sentenced to death
1999: Rajiv Gandhi is posthumously charged with participating in a kickback scheme in a Bofors arms deal.

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पी................ush

A history of Pi

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A chronology of Pi History Topics Index


Version for printing
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A little known verse of the Bible reads

And he made a molten sea, ten cubits from the one brim to the other: it was round all about, and his height was five cubits: and a line of thirty cubits did compass it about. (I Kings 7, 23)

The same verse can be found in II Chronicles 4, 2. It occurs in a list of specifications for the great temple of Solomon, built around 950 BC and its interest here is that it gives π = 3. Not a very accurate value of course and not even very accurate in its day, for the Egyptian and Mesopotamian values of 25/8 = 3.125 and √10 = 3.162 have been traced to much earlier dates: though in defence of Solomon's craftsmen it should be noted that the item being described seems to have been a very large brass casting, where a high degree of geometrical precision is neither possible nor necessary. There are some interpretations of this which lead to a much better value.

The fact that the ratio of the circumference to the diameter of a circle is constant has been known for so long that it is quite untraceable. The earliest values of π including the 'Biblical' value of 3, were almost certainly found by measurement. In the Egyptian Rhind Papyrus, which is dated about 1650 BC, there is good evidence for 4 (8/9)2 = 3.16 as a value for π.

The first theoretical calculation seems to have been carried out by Archimedes of Syracuse (287-212 BC). He obtained the approximation

223/71 < π < 22/7.

Before giving an indication of his proof, notice that very considerable sophistication involved in the use of inequalities here. Archimedes knew, what so many people to this day do not, that π does not equal 22/7, and made no claim to have discovered the exact value. If we take his best estimate as the average of his two bounds we obtain 3.1418, an error of about 0.0002.

Here is Archimedes' argument.

Consider a circle of radius 1, in which we inscribe a regular polygon of 3 2n-1 sides, with semiperimeter bn, and superscribe a regular polygon of 3 2n-1 sides, with semiperimeter an.


The diagram for the case n = 2 is on the right.

The effect of this procedure is to define an increasing sequence

b1 , b2 , b3 , ...

and a decreasing sequence

a1 , a2 , a3 , ...

such that both sequences have limit π.

Using trigonometrical notation, we see that the two semiperimeters are given by

an = K tan(π/K), bn = K sin(π/K),

where K = 3 2n-1. Equally, we have

an+1 = 2K tan(π/2K), bn+1 = 2K sin(π/2K),

and it is not a difficult exercise in trigonometry to show that

(1/an + 1/bn) = 2/an+1 . . . (1)

an+1bn = (bn+1)2 . . . (2)

Archimedes, starting from a1 = 3 tan(π/3) = 3√3 and b1 = 3 sin(π/3) = 3√3/2, calculated a2 using (1), then b2 using (2), then a3 using (1), then b3 using (2), and so on until he had calculated a6 and b6. His conclusion was that

b6 < π < a6 .

It is important to realise that the use of trigonometry here is unhistorical: Archimedes did not have the advantage of an algebraic and trigonometrical notation and had to derive (1) and (2) by purely geometrical means. Moreover he did not even have the advantage of our decimal notation for numbers, so that the calculation of a6 and b6 from (1) and (2) was by no means a trivial task. So it was a pretty stupendous feat both of imagination and of calculation and the wonder is not that he stopped with polygons of 96 sides, but that he went so far.

For of course there is no reason in principle why one should not go on. Various people did, including:


Ptolemy (c. 150 AD) 3.1416

Zu Chongzhi (430-501 AD) 355/113

al-Khwarizmi (c. 800 ) 3.1416

al-Kashi (c. 1430) 14 places

Viète (1540-1603) 9 places

Roomen (1561-1615) 17 places

Van Ceulen (c. 1600) 35 places



Except for Zu Chongzhi, about whom next to nothing is known and who is very unlikely to have known about Archimedes' work, there was no theoretical progress involved in these improvements, only greater stamina in calculation. Notice how the lead, in this as in all scientific matters, passed from Europe to the East for the millennium 400 to 1400 AD.

Al-Khwarizmi lived in Baghdad, and incidentally gave his name to 'algorithm', while the words al jabr in the title of one of his books gave us the word 'algebra'. Al-Kashi lived still further east, in Samarkand, while Zu Chongzhi, one need hardly add, lived in China.

The European Renaissance brought about in due course a whole new mathematical world. Among the first effects of this reawakening was the emergence of mathematical formulae for π. One of the earliest was that of Wallis (1616-1703)

2/π = (1.3.3.5.5.7. ...)/(2.2.4.4.6.6. ...)

and one of the best-known is

π/4 = 1 - 1/3 + 1/5 - 1/7 + ....

This formula is sometimes attributed to Leibniz (1646-1716) but is seems to have been first discovered by James Gregory (1638- 1675).

These are both dramatic and astonishing formulae, for the expressions on the right are completely arithmetical in character, while π arises in the first instance from geometry. They show the surprising results that infinite processes can achieve and point the way to the wonderful richness of modern mathematics.

From the point of view of the calculation of π, however, neither is of any use at all. In Gregory's series, for example, to get 4 decimal places correct we require the error to be less than 0.00005 = 1/20000, and so we need about 10000 terms of the series. However, Gregory also showed the more general result

tan-1 x = x - x3/3 + x5/5 - ... (-1 x 1) . . . (3)

from which the first series results if we put x = 1. So using the fact that

tan-1(1/√3) = π/6 we get

π/6 = (1/√3)(1 - 1/(3.3) + 1/(5.3.3) - 1/(7.3.3.3) + ...

which converges much more quickly. The 10th term is 1/(19 39√3), which is less than 0.00005, and so we have at least 4 places correct after just 9 terms.

An even better idea is to take the formula

π/4 = tan-1(1/2) + tan-1(1/3) . . . (4)

and then calculate the two series obtained by putting first 1/2 and the 1/3 into (3).

Clearly we shall get very rapid convergence indeed if we can find a formula something like

π/4 = tan-1(1/a) + tan-1(1/b)

with a and b large. In 1706 Machin found such a formula:

π/4 = 4 tan-1(1/5) - tan-1(1/239) . . . (5)

Actually this is not at all hard to prove, if you know how to prove (4) then there is no real extra difficulty about (5), except that the arithmetic is worse. Thinking it up in the first place is, of course, quite another matter.

With a formula like this available the only difficulty in computing π is the sheer boredom of continuing the calculation. Needless to say, a few people were silly enough to devote vast amounts of time and effort to this tedious and wholly useless pursuit. One of them, an Englishman named Shanks, used Machin's formula to calculate π to 707 places, publishing the results of many years of labour in 1873. Shanks has achieved immortality for a very curious reason which we shall explain in a moment.
Here is a summary of how the improvement went:

1699: Sharp used Gregory's result to get 71 correct digits

1701: Machin used an improvement to get 100 digits and the following used his methods:

1719: de Lagny found 112 correct digits

1789: Vega got 126 places and in 1794 got 136

1841: Rutherford calculated 152 digits and in 1853 got 440

1873: Shanks calculated 707 places of which 527 were correct



A more detailed Chronology is available.

Shanks knew that π was irrational since this had been proved in 1761 by Lambert. Shortly after Shanks' calculation it was shown by Lindemann that π is transcendental, that is, π is not the solution of any polynomial equation with integer coefficients. In fact this result of Lindemann showed that 'squaring the circle' is impossible. The transcendentality of π implies that there is no ruler and compass construction to construct a square equal in area to a given circle.

Very soon after Shanks' calculation a curious statistical freak was noticed by De Morgan, who found that in the last of 707 digits there was a suspicious shortage of 7's. He mentions this in his Budget of Paradoxes of 1872 and a curiosity it remained until 1945 when Ferguson discovered that Shanks had made an error in the 528th place, after which all his digits were wrong. In 1949 a computer was used to calculate π to 2000 places. In this and all subsequent computer expansions the number of 7's does not differ significantly from its expectation, and indeed the sequence of digits has so far passed all statistical tests for randomness.

You can see 2000 places of π.

We should say a little of how the notation π arose. Oughtred in 1647 used the symbol d/π for the ratio of the diameter of a circle to its circumference. David Gregory (1697) used π/r for the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its radius. The first to use π with its present meaning was an Welsh mathematician William Jones in 1706 when he states "3.14159 andc. = π". Euler adopted the symbol in 1737 and it quickly became a standard notation.

We conclude with one further statistical curiosity about the calculation of π, namely Buffon's needle experiment. If we have a uniform grid of parallel lines, unit distance apart and if we drop a needle of length k < 1 on the grid, the probability that the needle falls across a line is 2k/π. Various people have tried to calculate π by throwing needles. The most remarkable result was that of Lazzerini (1901), who made 34080 tosses and got

π = 355/113 = 3.1415929

which, incidentally, is the value found by Zu Chongzhi. This outcome is suspiciously good, and the game is given away by the strange number 34080 of tosses. Kendall and Moran comment that a good value can be obtained by stopping the experiment at an optimal moment. If you set in advance how many throws there are to be then this is a very inaccurate way of computing π. Kendall and Moran comment that you would do better to cut out a large circle of wood and use a tape measure to find its circumference and diameter.

Still on the theme of phoney experiments, Gridgeman, in a paper which pours scorn on Lazzerini and others, created some amusement by using a needle of carefully chosen length k = 0.7857, throwing it twice, and hitting a line once. His estimate for π was thus given by

2 0.7857 / π = 1/2

from which he got the highly creditable value of π = 3.1428. He was not being serious!

It is almost unbelievable that a definition of π was used, at least as an excuse, for a racial attack on the eminent mathematician Edmund Landau in 1934. Landau had defined π in this textbook published in Göttingen in that year by the, now fairly usual, method of saying that π/2 is the value of x between 1 and 2 for which cos x vanishes. This unleashed an academic dispute which was to end in Landau's dismissal from his chair at Göttingen. Bieberbach, an eminent number theorist who disgraced himself by his racist views, explains the reasons for Landau's dismissal:-

Thus the valiant rejection by the Göttingen student body which a great mathematician, Edmund Landau, has experienced is due in the final analysis to the fact that the un-German style of this man in his research and teaching is unbearable to German feelings. A people who have perceived how members of another race are working to impose ideas foreign to its own must refuse teachers of an alien culture.

G H Hardy replied immediately to Bieberbach in a published note about the consequences of this un-German definition of π

There are many of us, many Englishmen and many Germans, who said things during the War which we scarcely meant and are sorry to remember now. Anxiety for one's own position, dread of falling behind the rising torrent of folly, determination at all cost not to be outdone, may be natural if not particularly heroic excuses. Professor Bieberbach's reputation excludes such explanations of his utterances, and I find myself driven to the more uncharitable conclusion that he really believes them true.

Not only in Germany did π present problems. In the USA the value of π gave rise to heated political debate. In the State of Indiana in 1897 the House of Representatives unanimously passed a Bill introducing a new mathematical truth.

Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Indiana: It has been found that a circular area is to the square on a line equal to the quadrant of the circumference, as the area of an equilateral rectangle is to the square of one side.
(Section I, House Bill No. 246, 1897)

The Senate of Indiana showed a little more sense and postponed indefinitely the adoption of the Act!

Open questions about the number π




Does each of the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 each occur infinitely often in π?

Brouwer's question: In the decimal expansion of π, is there a place where a thousand consecutive digits are all zero?

Is π simply normal to base 10? That is does every digit appear equally often in its decimal expansion in an asymptotic sense?

Is π normal to base 10? That is does every block of digits of a given length appear equally often in its decimal expansion in an asymptotic sense?

Is π normal ? That is does every block of digits of a given length appear equally often in the expansion in every base in an asymptotic sense? The concept was introduced by Borel in 1909.

Another normal question! We know that π is not rational so there is no point from which the digits will repeat. However, if π is normal then the first million digits 314159265358979... will occur from some point. Even if π is not normal this might hold! Does it? If so from what point? Note: Up to 200 million the longest to appear is 31415926 and this appears twice.

As a postscript, here is a mnemonic for the decimal expansion of π. Each successive digit is the number of letters in the corresponding word.

How I want a drink, alcoholic of course, after the heavy lectures involving quantum mechanics. All of thy geometry, Herr Planck, is fairly hard...:

3.14159265358979323846264...


You can see more about the history of π in the History topic: Squaring the circle and you can see a Chronology of how calculations of π have developed over the years.

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